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| 面向波动性电源的PEM电解水制氢关键材料研究进展 |
| Advances in key materials for proton exchange membrane water electrolysis towards fluctuating power integration |
| 投稿时间：2025-06-19 |
| DOI：10.13259/j.cnki.eri.2025.04.003 |
| 中文关键词: 碳中和 风光波动性 电解水 催化剂 质子交换膜 |
| 英文关键词:carbon neutrality fluctuating wind and solar power water electrolysis catalyst proton exchange membrane |
| 基金项目:中原电气实验室重点项目基金（zn20241102） |
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| 摘要点击次数: 901 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| “碳中和”背景下，风光波动性可再生能源电力的大规模消纳是绿氢经济的核心挑战，亟需兼具动态响应与耐久性的电解水技术。分析了质子交换膜（PEM）电解水技术对波动性电源的独特适配性，并剖析了其产业化瓶颈，即贵金属催化剂（Ir载量大于1 mg/cm2）与全氟磺酸膜（成本＞500美元/m2）的高成本，以及波动工况下材料加速衰减的失效机制。对催化剂的贵金属合金化/载体工程、非贵金属替代与PEM的全氟膜复合改性、无氟膜开发的研究进展进行了综述，揭示了当前技术的局限，即非贵金属酸性析氧反应稳定性不足、无氟膜动态工况性能差距。结合风光波动场景提出了突破路径：利用界面调控与动态稳定性设计策略控制催化剂载量小于0.3 mg/cm2；通过开发无氟材料将膜成本降幅大于50%。研究为构建低成本、高耐久的波动适配型PEM电解技术提供了一定的理论参考。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The large-scale integration of fluctuating renewable power, such as wind and solar, constitutes a core challenge for the green hydrogen economy within the framework of carbon neutrality, creating a critical need for electrolysis technologies that possess both dynamic response capability and long-term durability. The unique suitability of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis for intermittent power sources is analyzed, and its principal industrialization bottlenecks are critically examined. These include the high costs of noble metal catalysts with iridium loadings typically exceeding 1 mg/cm2, and perfluorosulfonic acid membranes, with costs exceeding 500 $/m2, as well as the accelerated degradation mechanisms of materials under dynamic operating conditions. Recent research advances are reviewed, encompassing catalyst development through noble metal alloying, support engineering, and non-noble metal alternatives, alongside membrane improvements via composite modification and the development of non-fluorinated membranes. Current technological limitations are highlighted, specifically the insufficient stability of non-noble metal catalysts for the acidic oxygen evolution reaction and the performance gap observed in non-fluorinated membranes under dynamic conditions. To address the specific demands imposed by wind and solar power intermittency, strategic pathways are proposed. These include reducing catalyst loading below 0.3 mg/cm2 through advanced interface engineering and stability-focused design, and achieving a reduction in membrane cost of over 50% via the development of non-fluorinated materials. This analysis provides a theoretical framework and strategic guidance for the development of low-cost, highly durable proton exchange membrane electrolysis technology adapted to volatile power sources. |
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