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| 低温环境下泵驱两相流体冷却系统的设计与实验 |
| Design and experimental study of a pump-driven two-phase cooling system in low-temperature environments |
| 投稿时间：2024-10-13 |
| DOI：10.13259/j.cnki.eri.2026.02.005 |
| 中文关键词: 两相流 机械泵驱动 低温环境 均温性 |
| 英文关键词:two-phase fluid mechanical pump drive low-temperature environment temperature uniformity |
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| 摘要点击次数: 279 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 针对某航天设备散热问题，搭建了泵驱两相流体冷却系统实验台，设计了一种散热器。该散热器散热管道的布局密度与发热量相关。研究了常温和低温环境下散热器在系统启动过程中的温度响应特性，为散热器匹配了满足控温需求的散热工质质量流量和进口温度。结果表明：模拟热源加热功率为974 W、常温环境、进口温度为18～ 22 ℃、工质质量流量为9.48 g/s时，散热器最高温度可控制在32 ℃以下，最大表面温差可控制在6 ℃以内，此时对应流量为最佳流量。低温环境下机械泵的供液能力减弱，工质实际质量流量有所下降。当低温舱温度分别降至0 ℃和–20 ℃并开机时，将泵功率调至与常温工况质量流量为9.48 g/s时的相同，开启预热器使流体进口温度达到15 ℃，且模拟热源加热功率为974 W，此时散热器仍可满足控温需求。当低温舱温度降至–40 ℃时，工质质量流量波动变大，需增大工质质量流量才能满足控温需求。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To address the heat dissipation challenges of aerospace equipment, an experimental bench for a pump-driven two-phase fluid cooling system was constructed, and a heat sink was designed with its pipe layout density correlated to the local heat generation rate. The temperature response characteristics of the heat sink during system startup were investigated under both ambient and low-temperature conditions. The mass flow rate and inlet temperature of the working fluid were optimized to meet the temperature control requirements. The results indicate that under ambient conditions, with a simulated heat source power of 974 W, an inlet temperature ranging from 18 ℃ to 22 ℃, and a mass flow rate of 9.48 g/s, the maximum temperature of the heat sink can be maintained below 32 ℃, and the maximum surface temperature difference within 6 ℃. This flow rate is identified as the optimal condition. In low-temperature environments, the liquid supply capacity of the mechanical pump is reduced, leading to a decrease in the actual mass flow rate. When the cryogenic chamber temperature drops to 0 ℃ and ?20 ℃, the pump power is set to the same level as that under the ambient condition corresponding to 9.48 g/s. With the preheater activated to achieve an inlet fluid temperature of 15 ℃ and a heating power of 974 W, the heat sink continues to satisfy the temperature control requirements. However, when the cryogenic chamber temperature decreases to ?40 ℃, the flow rate pulsation becomes more pronounced, necessitating an increase in the mass flow rate to meet the temperature control requirements. |
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